Wednesday, October 31, 2012

IV. The Phaeacian World -- Palaces



The Phaeacians are good architects. Homer claims that King Alcinous’ splendid palace is well built and decorated; the doors, the posts, the lintel and the guarding dogs are made of either gold or silver (Homer, Odyssey, 87). The objects which the Phaeacians use are finely made. For example, the “seats” in their assembly place are “of polished marble” (Homer, Odyssey, 94) and the “chair” on which Demodocus the bard sits is “silver-studded” (Homer, Odyssey, 95). These descriptions may also give readers an idea how rich King Alcinous is and thus emphasizing that the Phaeacians are living in leisure.
Alcinous holds a feast for Odysseus in his palace.

There are certain similarities between the Phaeacian and the Minoan architecture. The Minoans too had opulent palaces where archaeologists have found beautiful frescoes and fragments of exquisite jewels. Adding to the splendor of the buildings, the palaces are marked by their functions and the excellent adaptation to nature. The effective communication between rooms was approved as well as the distribution of light and the advance draining system (Glotz, Aegean Civilization, 119).

The opulence in Minoan palace can be compared 
to the Phaeacian ones

Unfortunately, the world which Homer presents in his poem still remains unknown. It is true Phaeacian and Minoan cultures share many similarities, but we cannot draw any conclusion or direct connections between the two groups.People hope one day that archaeologists will find more evidence to Homer’s stories and thus reveal the mystery of the Phaeacians.






                          Coming up...Phaeacian Artistic Culture  ^0^

Friday, October 26, 2012

III. The Phaeacian Society




The Phaeacian society demonstrates the ideal Utopian society in Homer’s mind, which can be characterized by its


Prosperity

The Book Eight of The Odyssey demonstrates a day of entertainment in Scheria. Odysseus, who initially comes to the land as a stranger, is welcomed and invited to a feast by King Alcinous of the Phaeacians (Homer, Odyssey, 95). In this chapter, Homer is not interested in describing any sacrificing ceremonies that generally take place before an important feast, but rather focusing on the number of animals that would be slaughtered to prepare the feast:
“Alcinous sacrificed for them a dozen sheep, eight white-tusked boars, and two shambling oxen” (Homer, Odyssey, 95).
In summary, the Phaeacians are characterized by hospitality, generosity and they are living in prosperity.. If the Phaeacians were living in misery and suffering from starvation and disease, Homer would not highlight the “lavish supply” (Homer, Odyssey, 95) of food and the king would not hold such a big meal for a stranger (Homer, Odyssey, 94).


The Phaeacian society in marked by prosperity.

Peace

The Phaeacians do not like fighting and warfare. They are not very skilful in violent sports like wrestling and boxing, but rather in running (Homer, Odyssey, 100). Even today, wrestling and boxing are considered to be violent sports and related to aggression. On the other hand, running is less violent, dangerous, and it can be thought as a defensive strength as compared to boxing. Also, the Phaeacians follow the codes of sportsmanship. In Book Eight, even though Euryalus’ verbal insult towards Odysseus is not an action that respects Xenia, readers should notice that their argument does not end up in a fight; both men agree to take their quarrel in the form of a sporting competition (Homer, Odyssey, 98-99). In the end,Euryalus accepts Odysseus’s winning without any resentment, but rather he respects Odysseus and hands him his valuable sword as a gift (Homer, Odyssey, 104).

Odysseus is engaged in a phaeacian
sportive competition.

Sexual equality

Among the Phaeacians, equality between men and women seems to exist because women can take leading roles in the country. In Book Eleven, when Odysseus has finished talking about the female heroines what he met in the House of Hades, Queen Arete breaks the silence and takes the leading role. She is respected by the Phaeacians and is addressed by the prestigious lord Echeneus as “our wise Queen”. Her power in the palace indicates that women can be as important as men in the Phaeacian society (Homer, Odyssey, 148-149).

Phaeacian Women

Women have very high social status in Scheria.
                                                  Coming up...Phaeacian Palaces  ^0^

Friday, October 5, 2012

II. The Phaeacian World -- Main Phaeacian Characters in The Odyssey






Phaeacian Nobles



An understanding of the main characters in Homer's work will help in the understanding of his literature and also of the Phaeacian society. Here is a list of the main Phaeacians that appeared in The Odyssey

  • Alcinous
  • Arete
  • Demodocus
  • Echeneus
  • Eurylaous
  • Halius
  • Laodamas
  • Nausicca
  • Nausithous



Alcinous:
  • King of the Phaeacians
  • Son of Nausithons, grandson of Poseidon the Earthshaker
  • Husband of Arete
  • Alcinous is a wise king and a good ruler. In ancient Greek, Alcinous means powerful mind. Homer’s underline meaning of the name is that the Phaeacians are governed by powerful thought andvirtue.
Arete:
  • Phaeacia princess
  • Daughter of King Alcinous and Queen Arete
  • Princess Nausicaa is described by Homer as tall, beautiful and is compared to Artemis the goddess of women. In Book Six, she finds Odysseus on the beach and directs him to her father’s Palace.
Demodocus:
  • The royal bard
  • Favorite of Muse the goddess of music
  • Demodocus is gifted in songs and poems and respected by the Phaeacians. His talent is praised by Odysseus in Book Eight. He has sung two songs in the book: the love of Ares and Aphrodite and Odysseus’ victory in the Trojan War (Homer, Odyssey, 102, 111).
Eurylaous:
  • Young Phaeacian noble
  • Good in wrestling. He has beaten other challengers in the game in Book Eight (Homer, Odyssey, 105).
Echeneus:
  • Phaeacian noble
  • Oldest phaeacian man in the story
  • In Book Eleven, he praises and supports Aretewhen she speaks (Homer, Odyssey, 149).
Halius:
  • King Alcinous’s son
  • Best dancer among the Phaeacians
Laodamas:
  • King Alcinous’s son
  • Best dancer among the Phaeacians
  • Best boxer
  • In Book eightLaodamas and Halius has shown a Phaeacian dance to Odysseus. (Homer, Odyssey, 108).
Nausicca:
  • Queen of the Phaeacians
  • Daughter of of Phexenor
  • Niece of Alcinous
  • Arete’s father got killed by Apollo and thusAlcinous takes her as his queen. Arete is wise, sympathic and warm-hearted. She earns high status in the country and is praised by her people. In ancient Greek, Arete means excellence andvirtue.

Nausithous:
  • First king of the Phaeacians, founder of Scheria
  • Son of Poseidon the Earthshaker and Periboea (the daughter of Eurymedon the King of the Giants)
  • King Nausithous has two sons Rhexenor and Alcinous, who become the next king after his father.
Phaeacian Prince



                          Coming up...Phaeacian Society  ^0^

Wednesday, October 3, 2012

I. The Phaeacian World

Introduction


The Odyssey is one of Homer’s most famous epic poems, and also one of my favorite books. Written in around 750 BC, this classical text demonstrates a heroic world that interests many historians, philosophers as well as writers. In this poem, Homer introduces the Phaeacians, a mysterious group of people living in the land of Scheria. Since I am so interested in their history, in the coming series of blogs, I want to introduce some main characters of the story, as well as the Phaeacian architecture, society, lifestyles,  and artistic achievements. ^.^

Geographics


                                    ↑ Geographic Location of Scheria


















                                    

Homer's Interpretation of the World





Coming up...Main characters in the Odyssey ^0^



References 

Antikensammlungen, Munich. “Nausicaa & Odysseus Vase.”450 B.C. WisdomPortal. Web. 24 April, 2011.
“Before The Greeks.” N.d. KidsKnowIt Network. Web. 24 April, 2011.
Bookfreak82. “Phaeacia.”N.d. Glogster. Web. 24 April, 2011.
Canova, Antonio. “The Dance of the Phaeacians.” N.d. Flickr.Web. 24 April, 2011.
De Joung, Irene. A Narratological Commentary on the Odyssey. New York: Cambridge Univeristy Press, 2001. Print.
Francesco Hayez. “Odysseus at the palace of Alkinoƶs.” N.d.iReference. Web. 24 April, 2011.
Frederic Leighton. “Nausicaa.” 1878. iReference. Web. 24 April, 2011.
Glotz, Gustave. The Aegean Civilization. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1968. Print.
Homer. The Odyssey. Translated by E. V. Rieu. Toronto: Penguin Classics, 2003. Print.
Pieter Lastman. “Odysseus before Nausikaa.” 1619.iReference. Web. 24 April, 2011.
"The World according to Homer." 1895. iReference. Web. 24 April, 2011.